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Quotations

During these different acts we are able to learn more about the characters and their opinions on different matters through their dialect.  During act four scene two Lady Macduff is discussing with Ross and her son the absence of her husband.  From this we learn a lot about what Lady Macduff is feeling.  Below are some statements from this scene, as well as their important meaning and the information they tell the reader.

1) Wisdom! To leave his wife, to leave his babes,

His mansion and his titles in a place

From whence himself does fly? He loves us not;

He wants the natural touch. For the poor wren,

The most diminutive of birds, will fight,

Her young ones in her nest, against the owl.

All is the fear and nothing is the love,

As little is the wisdom, where the flight

So runs against all reason. (4.2.5-10)

This quote allows us to understand how Lady Macbeth is feeling about Macduff's absence.  It is clear she sees his leave as madness and a sign of his lack of love for his family.  She also believes he left franticly with no explanation, what she doesn't know is that he left to help relieve Scotland of Macbeth. 

2) SON

 Was my father a traitor, Mother?

   LADY MACDUFF

   Ay, that he was. (4.2.43-45)

This conversation between Lady Macduff and her son shows that she feels her husband is a traitor and she doesn't understand why he didn't take her and her son to England with him.  This is significant, as Macduff doesn't feel his family is seen as a threat to Macbeth so he doesn't worry about their safety.  Little does he realize his family will soon become the victims of a brutal murder, courtesy of Macbeth. 

Throughout act five we also witness many important conservations between the characters that allow us to enter their mind and continue to understand how they feel and react in situations.  During act five scene one, the last time we are faced with Lady Macbeth; we witness her in a frantic state and learn about the guilt she carries around.

1)    "Out, damned spot! Out, I say!--One, two. Why, then, 'tis time to do 't. Hell is murky!--Fie, my lord, fie! A soldier, and afeard? What need we fear who knows it, when none can call our power to account?--Yet who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him. (5.1.25)"

During this quote we learn that Lady Macbeth's original thought that water would wash away the blood in fact was not true.  The guilt or stain left behind by the blood was much greater and will ultimately kill her.  It is also clear she believes she is in a living hell.  This ironic, considering Macbeth's guard on the night of Duncan's murder was pretending to be the gatekeeper to hell (Macbeth's castle).  Lady Macbeth also realizes that no one can question them about the murders or what they have done, as they are the highest power of authority.  During the beginning of the play Lady Macbeth though very little about the murder and saw it as a one time thing, however she know realizes that the crime left her with more guilt than she could ever have imagined. 

2) DOCTOR

Foul whisp'rings are abroad. Unnatural deeds

Do breed unnatural troubles. Infected minds

To their deaf pillows will discharge their secrets.

More needs she the divine than the physician.

God, God forgive us all! Look after her,

Remove from her the means of all annoyance,

And still keep eyes upon her. So, good night.

My mind she has mated, and amazed my sight.

I think, but dare not speak. (5.1.55)

The doctor speaks this quotation after he observes Lady Macbeth's strange nighttime habits.  It is clear he feels that she has performed a task, which she is now guilty of and is confessing this guilt and trying to wash it away as she sleeps.  This quote allows us to realize how deranged her mind is and that her mind to has become full of scorpions. 

Relationships

During this section of the play we witness many new relationships between the characters that we didn't know about before.  In act four scene two we watch as Lady Macduff discuss's her husbands absence with her son.  It appears as though she is joking with her son by telling him Macduff has died. There relationship in this scene shows that they are very close and know each other well enough to joke about something like that.  As we advance to act five we see Lady Macbeth struggling to face her guilt and also see her gentlewoman closely monitoring her health.  Her gentlewoman is very cautious of what she reveals to the doctor, as she states "That, sir, which I will not report after her".  This is her response the doctor's question as to what else she states in her sleep, it is clear the gentlewoman cannot bring herself to admit to what Lady Macbeth actually reveals. 

Throughout act four scene two we witness the precautions Malcolm takes when debating whether or not to trust Macduff.  Malcolm pretends he is a brutal, awful person in conversation with Macduff.  Nearing the end he asks Macduff if he feels he would be worthy to be king.  Macduff understanding Malcolm's so called brutal ways responds by saying, "Fit to govern? No. Not to live.  O'nation miserable! (4.3.103)".  Macduff then earns the trust of Malcolm as they begin to plot and advance against Macbeth's kingdom.  It is though from this point on Macduff and Malcolm become very close and are more motivated than ever to stop Macbeth.  When Macduff is informed of his families murder Malcolm pushes him to turn that sadness into anger and to target it at Macbeth.  This ultimately is what motivates and pushes their advance forward. 

As the play reaches a close we will be able to put the characters relationships together into a unique puzzle of personalities and emotions.  Overall, as we continue to read on we learn more and more about the characters and their personalities.  Knowing more about the characters and how they communicate with others has allowed us to better predict how they react and treat others in situations.

By Rachel Hunter

Significance

Throughout the end of act three and the beginning of act four we learn valuable information that can help us better predict what will transpire next.  During act three scene six we have two characters, Lennox and an unnamed lord.  The dialogue between the two characters creates a secretive, very solemn mood as we are used to dialogue between many characters in this play.  Later in act three scene six we learn through verbal irony that Lennox is suspicious of Macbeth and the various murders.  We also learn that Fleance is suspected of Banquo's murder since he has fled, Lennox also goes on to make statement telling us that forces are beginning to rise against Macbeth in England.  The following has lead us to believe people are catching on to Macbeth's brutal and powerful ways as Macduff plans to rise against him "Thither Macduff is gone to pray the holy king upon his aid (3.6.29-30)" "And this report hath so exasperated the king that he prepares for some attempt of war (3.6.38-39)" The lord telling Lennox this information leads us to believe they too are against Macbeth and are no longer in support of him. 

In contrast, act four scene one we witness the witches during a ritual as they prepare to once again face Macbeth.  This ritual consists of the brewing of a 'hell-broth' containing ingredients associated with evil like "eye of newt and toe of frog, Wool of bat and tongue of dog" (4.1.14-15)".  While this is taking place one of the witches states, "By the pricking of my thumbs, something wicked this way comes" (4.1.61-62). In fulfillment of her statement, Macbeth enters.  This just goes to confirm how wicked and evil Macbeth has truly become. 

Macbeth has come to them to seek the truth of their prophecies and to have them answer his questions. The witches do this through apparitions, each showing a prediction to heighten Macbeth's fears.  The first apparition consists of a floating head warning him to beware of Macduff; something Macbeth already suspected.  Next, a bloody child appears and tells him  "none of woman born shall harm Macbeth (4.1.96-97)".  The third apparition is of a crowned child holding a tree tells him that he is safe until Birnam Wood moves to Dunsinane Hill, which seems quite improbable. Macbeth, in his demanding states requests the answer to whether or not Banquo's descendants will reign in his kingdom.   A procession of eight crowned kings and Banquo's ghost appear in the apparition. Macbeth demands to know the meaning of this final vision, but the witches, like in the beginning of the play vanish.  These apparitions are very significant as they reveal us with important information that will surface again at the end of the play.  Although Macbeth doesn't realize it yet the witches prophecies are twisted and evil, that will eventually lead to the fall of his kingdom.  After the witches vanish Lennox arrives bringing news the Macduff has fled to England.  This makes Macbeth insecure as he decides to capture Macduff's castle and kill his family. 

The end of act three and the beginning of act four provide us with vital information that helps us better understand and predict the outcome of the play.  It gives us a valuable insight on what Macbeth has become and what others around him are thinking.  It also shows us how much he trusts and relies upon the witches for answers to important questions. 

Reactions

During act four scene one, the witches provide Macbeth with various apparitions; each one he reacts differently too.  His reactions to the different apparitions reveal what Macbeth fears or what he doesn't fear, it also reveals a very arrogant and demanding Macbeth.  The first apparition, as discussed earlier is that Macbeth should beware of Macduff.   Macbeth is already aware of this and this just reassures his fear.  The second apparition states that no man born a woman can harm Macbeth, this contains some dramatic irony as we know that Macduff was born through cesarean section and therefore is not directly considered born a woman.  Macbeth reacts arrogantly to this initially assuming that no man can harm him.  The third apparition states that he is safe until Birnam Wood moves to Dunsinane Hill.  This seems quite improbable that woods are going to get up and move.  However, this apparition once again contains dramatic irony and a hint of evil.  We know that in the end the soldiers are asked to cut down a tree and hold it in front of them to hide their advance.  Macbeth, as usual believe this is not possible stating "That will never be who can impress the forest, bid the tree. Unfix his earthbound root? (4.1.93-95)".  Macbeth's various reactions to these apparitions allow us to see what Macbeth feels about these different threats.

Once the apparitions are over and the witches vanish, Lennox arrives to inform Macbeth that Macduff has fled to England.  Macbeth has definitely been taken over by evil and no longer feels guilt as his initial reaction to this situation is murder.  Macbeth deciding to murder Macduff's family and kids shows us that he doesn't care about his actions and the consequences.  He cares more about maintaining his role and powerful position as king. 

By Rachel Hunter

Relationships

Over the course of the play we have watched Macbeth's relationships with the other characters evolve and develop.  However, Macbeth's relationship with Banquo showed some uncertainty, as we never really understood Macbeth's true feelings toward Banquo.  We have now progressed to the point where Macbeth has already become king, showing truth in the witches prophesies.  Macbeth becoming king has made him fearful of losing the power he has gained; the fear brings out a side of Macbeth that exhibits little knowledge of the consequences of his actions.  The fact that Macbeth believes his hands are already stained with blood only tells us the he will no longer feel the initial guilt of his actions but rather he will be satisfied for a short period of time then face regret.  The witches prophesize that Banquo's descendants will become king, which Macbeth takes as a threat to his power and his place as king.  He also begins to see Banquo as a threat, as Banquo is beginning to question Duncan's death and appears as the 'good guy'.  This has a large mental impact on Macbeth, as he fears losing his role as king, as stated earlier.  Macbeth no longer sees Banquo and Fleance (his son) as a friend but instead as an enemy.  Their relationship has evolved into hatred as Macbeth plans to murder Banquo and his son.  Although Fleance escapes the murder, Macbeth is soon faced with his guilt by seeing the gruesome ghost of Banquo at a dinner party.  Although Banquo as a ghost does not speak, it represent a change in their relationship.  In the beginning it was mainly Macbeth who was viewing Banquo differently, however, now we get the impression that Banquo (ghost) through haunting Macbeth at the dinner party has also realized Macbeth's insecurities. 

We also see Macbeth and Lady Macbeth's relationship change and evolve into something evil and insecure.  When it came to the murder of Duncan, Lady Macbeth had to convince her husband and almost mentally influence him in order to kill Duncan.  For the murder of Banquo, Macbeth plans this action without the help of Lady Macbeth.  This illustrates that Macbeth is becoming more independent with these crimes and no longer fears the consequences.  It is also clear that the various murders are weighing heavily on Macbeth and Lady Macbeth's shoulders.  Macbeth no longer sleeps at night, and although Lady Macbeth doesn't show many emotions to Macbeth, in an aside we learn she to is troubled and disturbed.  Their relationship has evolved into a circle of uncertainty, fear and guilt.  This is very different from the beginning where Macbeth encompassed bravery, courage and strength.  Lady Macbeth was originally a strong woman with big dreams however her evil has become a part of Macbeth, almost spreading like a disease. 

Overall it is clear that the relationships between the characters are ever changing and will continue to evolve as more and more events occur.  Different situations the characters are placed in and their reactions will also have an influence on their relationships and how they communicate with one another. 

Quotations

As the characters face new situations and as the play progresses their emotions and feelings change.  How they speak and their actions reflect their emotions and what type of person they are or are becoming.  Below are a list of quotes that are significant, provoke questioning, tell us something about the character or are just amusing. 

1)     "Where our desire is got without content.  'Tis safer to be that which we destroy than by destruction dwell in doubtful joy (3.2.5-7, Lady Macbeth)" This quote is a very important and significant at this point in the play.  It illustrates Lady Macbeth's true feelings and thoughts on their situation.  These quotes reveal to the reader what she is afraid to reveal to Macbeth, instead around her husband she pretends everything is ok and she is happy.  This quote tells us about how Lady Macbeth is feeling internally and that they got what they desired but it was by destruction and now that destruction has created a so called "doubtful joy". 

2)     "What's done is done (3.2.12, Macbeth)" This expression is an expression we also commonly use in our lives today, essentially when we wished we could change something that already happened, but can't and must accept the reality.  Macbeth reciting this line goes to show that he is trying to move on from Duncan's murder despite his guilt as he realizes you can't reverse what is already done. 

3)     "O, full of scorpions is my mind, dear wife! Thou know'st that Banquo and his Fleance lives (3.2.36-37, Macbeth).  This line shows that Macbeth is mentally and emotionally drained from the murder of Duncan.  The guilt is taking a toll on his mind as it is described as 'full of scorpions'.  The line also shows he is expressing his fear of losing power to Banquo and Fleance.  This line illustrates a different side to Macbeth than the second example I found.  In the second example we receive the impression Macbeth has accepted Duncan's murder and is moving forward, but here we realize that on the inside Macbeth is troubled. 

From these various quotations we are able to learn a little more about the characters and better understand Shakespeare's use of language to portray emotion.  We see long dialogue from Macbeth and short dialogue from Lady Macbeth showing us that Macbeth is troubled and she is trying to remain strong for her husband.  All of these aspects will come together at the end of the play when we truly understand the characters full personality and all the different ways Shakespeare uses language. 

Relationships

As the play progresses, so do the characters and their personalities.  As the characters are put in different situations with different people we are able to witness how they interact with one another.  During act two we truly get to see how Lady Macbeth and Macbeth communicate and respond to one another.  In act two Lady Macbeth is able to convince Macbeth, almost forcing him to carry out the terrible dead.  She plays with his mind and inner thoughts, causing him to hallucinate the sight of the dagger.  It seems as though Lady Macbeth knows for a fact Macbeth will kill the king, as she strategically placed the dagger in Duncan's room, so Macbeth would see it.  Once carrying out the gruesome task, Macbeth is in a state of shock and panic.  Lady Macbeth tries to 'steady' her husband and praise him for what he has done, but she soon becomes angry realizing Macbeth hasn't left the daggers with the sleeping Chamberlains.  Lady Macbeth takes control by taking the daggers back to the murder seen herself, since Macbeth is acting 'cowardly' in her eyes.  From these actions and conversations we are able to better understand the relationship between Macbeth and his wife.  It is clear that Lady Macbeth is only pleased and praises Macbeth when he has done what she wanted.  Otherwise she feels the need to take control herself and becomes frustrated.  Throughout act two we also see Banquo's and Macbeth's relationship change.  In the beginning of the play they act as heroic men and good friends.  This all changes once Macbeth becomes king, as Banquo now becomes significantly lower than Macbeth in the 'hierarchy'.  We find Banquo slowing becoming less involved in the play and it appears as though Macbeth values his opinion much less.  Another important aspect shown throughout this act is how the Chamberlains and Scottish Noblemen communicate with one another.  After the kings death many of Macbeth's servants and staff become suspicious as they question Duncan's death.  During act two scene four, Ross discuss the strange happenings outside the castle doors with an old man.  It appears as though the men do not yet fear Macbeth.  We also begin to learn about Macduff in this act and how he feels about Macbeth and the killing of the king.  Macduff fails to attend Macbeth's coronation expressing his opposition.  There are many different types of characters emerging in the play and their relationships are ever changing.  As the play continues to progress we will learn more about the characters relationships with one another.

Reactions

Over the course of act two we witness many different reactions through the different situations the characters are placed in.  The first significant reaction we witness is in 2.1.19-25.  Banquo expresses to Macbeth that he has been dreaming of the three strange sisters, as he states "I dreamt last night of the three weird sister. To you they have show'd some truth (2.1.19)"  Macbeth's response is unsettling and alarming as he the follows with "I think not of them (2.1.22)"  His reaction to Banquo's statement is alarming since, we, as the reader know that the weird sisters is all he has been thinking of.  Macbeth's reaction goes to illustrate that he does not want to cause any suspicion or speculation that he could be a suspect when the king is killed.  His response also goes to show that he is embarrassed or even in doubt and feels that admitting he has been thinking of the witches will somehow change the way his friends and family view him.  Another important reaction is present in 2.1.33-61, when Macbeth is alone and pondering his thoughts.  It is known that he has a lot to consider, however it leads to a hallucination of a dagger.  This then shows the reader of the physiological impact his wife is having on him.  Macbeth is faced with confusion and uncertainty, as he fears the idea of killing Duncan.  Later in act two when Macbeth has returned from the murder we witness him in a frantic state as he speaks what he heard to Lady Macbeth.  Lady Macbeth reacts comfortingly and sympathetically but as she soon realizes that Macbeth has not done exactly what she wanted him to do she turns angry and takes matter into her own hands.  We also watch as Macbeth admits his fear as he states, "I'll go no more.  I am afraid to think of what I have done.  Look on't again I dare not. (2.2.48-50)" This statement is important as Macbeth who we can consider a heroic figure at the stories beginning, should not admit what he fears as it shows weakness.  Overall act two is able to reveal many different sides to the characters through how they respond in different situations.  It allows us to further our knowledge of the characters and better understand their true personality.

By Rachel Hunter

Getting Deeper into the Minds of the Characters: Act One Scene 5-7

Reactions

Through the characters unique reactions to different situations we are able to learn about who they are as a person and what they value.  Many different reactions are present in act one scenes five through seven as Macbeth, Lady Macbeth and Duncan are faced with a variety of different thoughts and feelings.  We get a first glimpse into who the 'real' Macbeth is in act one scene four.  We learn that the thought of murdering Duncan so he himself can become king, deeply disturbs Macbeth as he soon begins to struggle with a battle of his inner-beings.  Act one scene five is when Lady Macbeth is first informed of Macbeth's encounters with the witches.  Lady Macbeth, stating "Glamis thou art, and Cawdor; and shalt be what thou art promised.(1.5.2-3)" shows that Lady Macbeth fears not the consequences of her or Macbeth's actions but just wants her husband to do whatever it takes to become king.  She is also aware of Macbeth's insecurities, in which she calls on the help of the demons to help her persuade Macbeth to kill the king and take away all of her guilt.  This aspect of Lady Macbeth shows us that she cares about her husband and is loyal, but in a twisted evil way.  In contrast Macbeth's reaction to killing the king is surrounded by an uncertainty and Lady Macbeth's is surrounded by certainty that he will be king no matter what. 

As we move into act one scene six Duncan arrives at the castle.  His initial reaction to Macbeth's castle illustrates dramatic irony.  Duncan describes the castle as "hath a pleasant seat. The air nimbly and sweetly recommends itself unto our gentle senses (1.6.1-3)" Duncan doesn't realize that the castle will soon become a place of a gruesome murder, and is really a dark and uncertain atmosphere.  This is something only seen by the reader, but not the character.  Later in this act Lady Macbeth confronts Macbeth about the 'plan' of murdering of the king, Macbeth insecurities show as he simply wishes to discuss it later.  During an 'aside' we witness Macbeth pondering the pros and cons of the killing of his king, his relative and his guest.  This predicament Macbeth faces brings out the battle he his having with his inner-beings.  The various situations the characters are placed in during these acts exposes a new side to them and allows us to understand their true personality. 

 Questions

       Act one scenes five through seven reveal many different sides to the characters as well as a variety of new and intriguing events.  It is these aspects that spark many new thoughts and questions in the minds of the reader.  Some initial questions that come to mind are why Macbeth informed Lady Macbeth of his experience with the witches and his new title through a letter.  This is peculiar as if the letter got into the wrong hands the results could too be detrimental.  Macbeth's action illustrates he has a lot of trust in Lady Macbeth, but it still leaves the question as to what did Lady Macbeth do with the letter?  Will she later use it against Macbeth to bribe him into doing a vicious deed? Or is it simply just a letter used to inform the reader?  These are questions that I am sure will be answered later on.  Other questions that come up are why Lady Macbeth wants to have Macbeth suffer through the pain of being a murderer.  It is clear she is very compassionate and cares greatly about her husband, however, from Macbeth's disturbing reaction to the thought of murdering Duncan, you would think that Lady Macbeth would understand and take into account his feelings to.  We also wonder if Lady Macbeth realizes that Malcolm, Duncan's son is next in line to be king, meaning he would have to be killed too.  If Lady Macbeth knew the task would involve two murders she may think twice.  Analyzing the play further only brings upon more questions and different speculations.  The variety of questions that are left unanswered by the end of scene seven, may begin to come clear as we read on and learn more about the characters. 

By Rachel Hunter

Rachel Hunter

Mr. Newman

ENG2D

5 December 2011

To Become Savage

"Savage peoples are ruled by passion, civilized peoples by the mind. The difference lies not in the respective natures of savagery and civilization, but in their attendant circumstances, institutions, and so forth. The difference, therefore, does not operate in every sense, but it does in most of them. Even the most civilized peoples, in short, can be fired with passionate hatred for each other (Karl Von Clauswitz)" Within many is hatred for others or notion of hate in our civilized society; however those who allow this nature to surface are savages.  They are civilized outside but as they gain power and control they become savages.  This was a very prominent notion in the novel Lord Of The Flies.  Through the use of savagery as a theme of loss or lack of connection to civilization, Golding develops the idea that when the restraining influences of civilization are removed, our savage nature emerges.      During the beginning of the novel savagery is much less prominent.  The boys are trying to stay connected with civilization through the creation of rules and order.  However, as the novel progresses the restraining influences of civilization begin to fade.  By the novels end there are no longer any restraints to civilization the boys are holding onto, and they become complete savages.

As the novel begins, and the boys first arrive on the island they try to maintain their connection to civilization. They attempt to create some sort of order through the use of the conch and different groups.  You see "...the children obeyed the summons of the conch, partly because Ralph blew it, and he was big enough to be a link with the adult world of authority (61)" This tool is a connection to the power and rules set by their parents back home in civilization.  Ralph represents order and civilized behaviour, whereas Jack represents desire for power and savagery.  When the boys first arrive on the island Jack is apprehensive and is still holding onto the morals he knows.  He was unable to kill the pig "...because of the enormity of the knife descending and cutting into living flesh; because of the unbearable blood." (29) back in civilized society killing of living things inhumanly is wrong, and here Jack still has that moral with him.  However, Jack is letting this moral go as when they return to hunt again "...there will be no mercy"(29) We first get a look into the idea that the boys are becoming more savage when "Roger stopped, picked up a stone, aimed, and threw it at Henry- threw it to miss" (64).  This action of throwing stones at another little boy is an uncivilized behaviour.  The rocks were thrown, but thrown to miss because the child (Henry) is surrounded by "...the protection of parents and school and policemen and the law."(65)

Roger still has some restraining influences of civilization he is holding onto, but soon they will fade away.  The boys' savage nature is starting to take over, as the restraining influences of civilization fade.

By Rachel Hunter, Class 10A

Works Cited

Clausewitz, Karl. "Quotes." Think Exist. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Dec 2011. <http://69.59.157.161/quotation/savage-peoples-are-ruled-by-passion-civilized/349055.html>.

Golding, William. Lord of the flies. London: Faber and Faber Limited, 1954. 225. Print.

Rachel Hunter

Mr. Newman

ENG2D

9 March 2012

Correlation Between Myths and Cultural Beliefs

"A myth is an image in terms of which we try to make sense of the world. But myth is something else than an explanation of the world, of history, and of destiny.(Alan Watts)"  Myths have more meaning than is originally seen.  They allow us to compare different cultures by determining their values and aspects of life that are important to them.  The similarities and differences between "The Taming Of The Sun" and "The Quarrel Between Sagbata and Sogbo" illustrate the importance of teamwork among the gods and living things, the cyclical patterns of life and the importance of powerful members in their cultures.

The Hawaiian myth entitled "The Taming Of The Sun" and the African myth "The Quarrel Between Sagbata and Sogbo" show how the importance of teamwork between the gods and the living things play an important role in their culture. In "The Taming Of The Sun" the community relies upon the Sun in order to carry out their daily tasks and to grow their food.  Together the son of Hina-Of-Fire, Maui, had to work with his grandmother in order to "tame" the Sun, a "selfish" god that travels across the sky too quickly.  His actions made it impossible for plants to produce enough food and it was hard for women to complete tasks in the little daylight.  Maui's grandmother advised him that to fix the problems of the people and his family.  Maui exhibited teamwork as he worked together with the Sun to create a compromise of the Sun travelling slowly across the sky for half the year and as fast as he wants for the other half.  This same aspect of teamwork is also shown in "The Quarrel Between Sagbata and Sogbo". In this myth, the brothers struggle to get along and work together to rule the kingdom.  As they split up their responsibilities, having one brother rule the earth and the other rule the sky created a disconnection between the two worlds; the boys do not work together to bring peace to Earth.  Sagbata realizes that the Earth cannot survive if he does not compromise and work together with his brother to bring rain.  Once the brothers work out their quarrel, peace is restored to earth through the bringing of rain producing a healthy environment.  In both myths, the reliance on the earth's resources is prominent.  In "The Taming Of The Sun" without the sun's heat plants are not able to grow and food sources cannot be sustained.  It is important they work together in order to create a balance.  In the myth "The Quarrel Between Sagbata and Sogbo" this same property is shown as the earth cannot successfully produce food and plentiful resources without rain and water from the sky.  Once the brothers resolve their quarrels the earth becomes balanced once again.  These two aspects of the myths illustrate the importance of teamwork in the Hawaiian and African cultures. Teamwork represents the importance of working together to produce a peaceful society in these cultures.

These two myths also illustrate the origin of the different cycles seen in life, and the importance of these cycles to their culture.  In Hawaiian cultures the Sun plays an important role in daily life and is a very prominent factor in the myth "The Taming Of The Sun".  In this myth the compromise made by Maui and the Sun for the Sun to travel slowly across the sky for just half the year are used to explain the long and short days we experience at different times of the year.  Maui, as he tries to "tame" the Sun makes a deal that the Sun travel slowly across the sky for just half of the year.  Its light and heat allows plants to grow faster at this time; being spring and summer. This myth also through showing the patterns of the Sun and seasons can also show patterns of weather.  At the time when the sun is travelling more quickly across the sky we experience short days and long nights as well as colder temperatures that usually result in the death of plants, and snow. This Hawaiian myth focuses mainly on the cycles of the Sun and its relation to the seasons, as today the Sun and warmth has become a major symbol of their culture. In contrast, in African cultures rain and drought are a large part of their society and historic background.  This is shown in the myth entitled "The Quarrel Between Sagbata and Sogbo".  This myth explains why a particular drought occurred and why it will not happen again, which can be related to patterns we see in our everyday life. Sagbata leaves his brother Sogbo to rule the lower part of the universe (earth) while his brother rules with the thunder and fire of the lightning bolt.  Sagbata collected his possessions to leave for the Earth but was unable to take water and fire with him.  Sogbo being closest to his mother, gained power, and vowed to prove to his brother that he has power over his kingdom.  Sogbo stopped rain from falling onto the earth, causing a massive drought and food sources to die over the course of many years.  The brothers began to realize that whoever controlled the water and fire controlled the universe.  The brothers compromised and rain poured onto earth, restoring life.  This myth goes to explain the pattern of rainy seasons/dry seasons, and the thunderstorms that visit earth each year.  This can then be connected to the seasons of spring being fertile as stated in the myth "Rain falls on the grass causing it to put forth new blades.  Rain falls on the people causing them to become fertile."  This goes to also explain the idea of birth and re-birth through the re-growth of plants in the spring. The cyclical patterns shown in these myths show us what aspects of life are important in these cultures and how their myths are used to explain the various cycles they experience.  These patterns shown in the myths tell us what the culture values and relies upon as a basic need.

 "The Taming Of the Sun" and "The Quarrel Between Sagbata and Sogbo" also both illustrate the importance and value of powerful members in their societies; this power also goes to show matriarchal and patriarchal societies.  In "The Taming Of The Sun" Maui, the son of the Hina-Of- Fire decides to tame the Sun in order to assist his mother in her work.  This society is matriarchal as the mother figure has power, and is shown by Maui's loyalty to her.  The Sun originally acts as a powerful figure in the Hawaiian society but as this myth progress Maui begins to become a heroic figure gaining power as well.  The people begin to chant and sing his name, as his actions are considered heroic.  Maui can also be seen as a heroic figure for his loyalty to his mother, his special weapon the "magic axe of stone" and his journey or quest he sets out on.  Without powerful members in this society the communities would have no one to look up to and honour; which is something their culture relies upon. This aspect is also apart of African Culture as shown in "The Quarrel Between Sagbata and Sogbo".  This myth also goes to show the transition from a matriarchal society to a patriarchal society.  In the beginning of this myth the Great Goddess Mawu had power over all aspects of life, illustrating a female dominant society.  As she passed her power and responsibility down to her sons, the society changed from matriarchal to patriarchal.  Her sons became powerful members in the African society, particularly Sogbo who ruled the thunder and fire of the lightening bolt.  He controlled the most valued and vital things a society needs to survive; water and fire.  These powerful basic needs and his power he held in society are important to the survival of the African culture.  It shows how powerful members in a society are needed to restore order and peace.  The trend of powerful members in society shown in both these myths, explains the need for order and control over others and living things.  It also goes to show the important and powerful role natural resources play in a culture and society.

            Based on the African and Hawaiian myths the similarities and differences allow us to understand the importance of teamwork, patterns in life, and powerful members of society in both cultures.  The presence of these cultural aspects provide us with an understanding of the values and beliefs of the cultures society.  These aspects are crucial to the survival of the culture, and are needed in order to maintain a peaceful society as shown in "The Taming Of The Sun" and "The Quarrel Between Sagbata and Sogbo".

Works Cited

Rosenberg, Donna, ed. World Mythology: An Anthology Of The Great Myths  and   

Epics. 3^rd Ed. Lincolnwood, IL: NTC Publishing Group, 1999.

Alan Watts. "Quotes." Think Exist. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 March 2012.

<http://69.59.157.161/quotation/myths.html>.

Introducing the Witches and Macbeth: Act 1, Scenes 1-3

July 2^nd, 2024:  I am surrounded by thousands of different animals of all shapes and sizes; a feeling of warmth and comfort comes over me.  All of a sudden I feel a wet, slimy tongue licking my hand; I begin to feel frightened and panic stricken.  I hear a growling ruckus and the familiar annoyance of dogs barking and whining.  It is then that I realize that my miniature schnauzer Sofie is trying to wake me up the only way she knows how.  As I open my eyes I see the spectacular views of Lake Simcoe outside my bedroom window.  My lake house is my home, where my heart truly is. It is a four bedroom, three bath, state of the art semi-mansion.  The kitchen is fully equipped with granite counter tops and iron chef appliances (despite the fact that I don't cook, my boyfriend does!). 

  I stare at my collection of clothes, overflowing from my closet, along with sets of old family photos and pictures from important events.  I step out of bed and feel the cool, stone floor on my feet.  I walk over to my closet and pull out a new outfit for the day, while Sofie rubs up against my leg. 

I walk downstairs and peer out the window.  The sun is shining, the water is calm and the light breeze is perfect, perfect for windsurfing.  The time is now 10AM and I see that my boyfriend has left me a smoked salmon bagel and a pot of brewed coffee (which I quickly inhale!). 

After I have finished my breakfast, I put on my bikini and grab a lifejacket.  I eagerly jump into the water, my three dogs right behind me.  It takes me a couple of minutes to properly position the windsurfer and get started, but eventually I manage to get going.  When I windsurf my mind is empty, the wind is in my hair and the focus takes over.  I sail around the bay for what feels like hours!  I look back at my lake house and see my dogs basking in the sun on the dock.  It is now 12:00, and I decide it is time to go in. 

I get changed backed into my clothes (designed by Alejandra Garcia of course!) and I walk out to my 2023 Porsche Hover car, the second of its kind.  My three dogs and I begin to drive 7 minutes to my vet clinic as we float above the freshly tarred road below.  We pass by thousands of homes, all looking the same, as well as partially developed farmland.  I wind down my window and my nose begins to tingle, as I smell the thick dirty air. 

I arrive to the humble noise of happy dogs barking and playing.  I see my cousin, walking towards the door to warmly greet us.  We go inside and I change into my lab coat.  My first patient is a newborn puppy from the humane society in for his first check up.  He is a happy-go-lucky, cute as a button Weimaraner named Phineas.  He is a perfect, healthy pup, just in need of a good home.  I decide he would be a great addition to our family and within 10 minutes I have another new companion. 

My cousin PB and I go out for a late lunch to a local restaurant.  I have a delectable tuna tartar and seafood pasta.  My cousin and I are talking over the next step we would like to take with our business.  I remember about a month ago when we were given an unimaginable gift of winning the lottery.  This win of 25 million enabled us to fine tune our vet clinic in order to make it the best and most well known in the country.  PB is the best co-owners and cousin I could ever ask for we work great together.  I begin to flashback to when we were 12 years old and used to imagine opening our clinic together, and working with the animals we love; this is a reality now.  My cousin takes care of the check and we depart, returning to the clinic. 

It is now about 4:00 and I arrive home after a wonderful workday.  I am having my family over for dinner and a bonfire tonight.  My boyfriend arrives home not long after me.  We look at one another and both of our eyes light up.  My boyfriend begins preparing for dinner as we will be having a turkey roast and potatoes.  While the dinner is cooking my boyfriend, I and our three dogs and one puppy hop in the boat and go for a romantic ride.

We cruise along various bays, until we begin to slow down to watch the sunset.  I see my boyfriend reach into his pocket and pull out a small, delicate blue box. My stomach begins to clench up, as I begin to realize what is about to happen.  I come to terms with myself and I hear those desired but feared words, "Will you marry me?"

  I jokingly respond with an "I'll have to think about it."  Then I quickly respond with a heartfelt "Yes!" as my new husband and I plummet from the boat into the cool water below. 

Once the sun has set we arrive back at the lake house.  Shortly after that my family begins to arrive, each of them noticing my new and never before seen engagement ring.  It is a five-carat, Tiffany & Co. diamond ring that I have always dreamed of.  After about 15 kisses on the cheek, 15 hugs, 15 "OMG, Congrats! And over 200 text messages, my family and I finally sit down to dinner.  The turkey roast is moist, flavorful and irresistible as it dances on my tongue.  The potatoes are fresh, right out of the garden and are also delectable!  After devouring a 7-pound turkey and 15 potatoes, my family and I move the celebration outside in front of a bonfire. 

I look up to the sky and see thousands of stars, twinkling and shimmering, alongside a full harvest moon.  The bonfire smells of smoke, and rich cedar wood as the flames dance beneath the moonlight.  My family and I laugh and talk for what feels like hours! It is now 11:00 and my niece and nephew's sugar high from the chocolate smores has gone and they have fallen asleep on the couch inside, alongside my dogs. 

I look down at my diamond ring twinkling in the light of the stars and the moon.  I think back to all of the wonderful memories throughout my life, as I begin to slowly smile.  My mother peers over at me smiling and looks me in the eye.  I look back at her.  We both stare at each other, both of us waiting for someone to speak.  My mother then starts the conversation with "So, when's the wedding?"  After 10 minutes or so, when my father has finished interrogating my fiancé, he joins the conversation, ending with an "I love you." from both my mother and father. 

I am 14 years old.  My brother, my cousins and I are out in a meadow surrounded by our dogs, barking, laughing and dancing under the sun.  I see flowers and butterflies accompanied by the smell of wet dew and spring rain.  I begin to run, gradually taking off and flying high into the sky.  I see my mother and father slowly becoming less visible.  I begin to fly faster and faster, so fast every object and shape is blurred together.  Suddenly I hear Phineas snuggle up against my side and I am transported out of my dream.  I look over at my nightstand and in the blink of an eye the perfect day has ended; it is 12:01 AM and is now officially the start of a brand new day.